To some extent, this split is still evident today. [citation needed] Transjordan was destined for early independence. [117][119] The resolution to admit Palestine as the agency's 195th member state was adopted at the 36th General Conference on 31 October. Beginning with the Madrid Conference of 1991 and culminating in the 1993 Oslo Peace Accords between Palestinians and Israelis, the peace process has laid the framework for Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank and in Gaza. [115] The board postponed a decision until the next session, and the item was included on each session's agenda thereafter, being repeatedly deferred. [5] The Commission recommended the creation of a small Jewish state in a region less than 1/5 of the total area of Palestine. [127][135] The Palestinian authorities have also instructed its diplomats to officially represent 'The State of Palestine', as opposed to the 'Palestine National Authority'. See "An Interview with Yasser Arafat", NY Review of Books, Volume 34, Number 10, 11 June 1987, See Renouncing claims to the West Bank, Jordan under King Hussein, see "Opinions of officials and legal scholars". Israel was called Palestine for two thousand years. [29], The Second Arab-Palestinian Congress[30] was held in Jericho on 1 December 1948 at the end of the war. Military Proclamation Number 2 of 1948 provided for the application in the West Bank of laws that were applicable in Palestine on the eve of the termination of the Mandate. The names Canaan and Canaanite occur in cuneiform, Egyptian, and Phoenician writings from about the 15th century bce as well as in the Old Testament.In these sources, “Canaan” refers sometimes to an area … In 1967, after another war, Israel then fully occupied the Palestinian areas … He also said that contrary to the widely held belief outside Jordan the representatives did reflect the feelings of a large segment of the population. The Arabs, however, insisted at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference at the end of the war that "Damascus" meant the city of Damascus – which left Palestine in their hands. In this article, the focus was on the name it was known by before 1948 following The Balfour Declaration. [citation needed] However, the case of Palestine remained problematic. The boundaries under the Mandate also did not follow those sought by the Jewish community, which sought the inclusion of the east bank of the Jordan into the Palestinian territory, to which the objective of the Mandate for a homeland for the Jewish people would apply. HISTORY OF PALESTINE 1150 BCE through 1500 CE. Mr. Ben Gurion Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. [124], By September 2012, with their application for full membership stalled, Palestinian representatives had decided to pursue an upgrade in status from "observer entity" to "non-member observer state". "[85] Arafat's statements in Geneva a month later[86][87] were accepted by the United States as sufficient to remove the ambiguities it saw in the declaration and to fulfill the longheld conditions for open dialogue with the United States. - Boundaries recommended in UNGA Res 181, "Zionist Leaders: David Ben-Gurion 1886–1973", "Business Law in Palestine: A Brief Profile", "1948–1967: Jordanian Occupation of Eastern Jerusalem", See Jericho Declaration, Palestine Post, December 14, 1948, Front page, Final Report of the United Nations Economic Survey Mission for the Middle East", The first interim report of the U. N. economic survey (CLAPP) mission for the Middle East (English); A Summary and Comments, "The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla". [114], The PLO was accorded observer status at UNESCO in 1974. Even though Palestine was not able to control her own destiny, it was on the basis of the recognition of her independence that the Covenant of the League of Nations determined a system of government for her. [1] In the Middle East, Syria (including the Ottoman autonomous Christian Lebanon and the surrounding areas that became the Republic of Lebanon) came under French control, while Mesopotamia and Palestine were allotted to the British. Rockwell explained the Department's position, stating that it was not the custom of the U.S. to issue formal statements of recognition every time a foreign country changed its territorial area. The U.S. advised the Arab states that the U.S. attitude regarding Israel had been clearly stated in the UN by Dr. Jessup on 20 November 1949. This was the basis for the Oslo accords,[162] and it is, as a matter of official policy, favoured by the U.S.[163] The status of Israel within the 1949 Armistice lines has not been the subject of international negotiations. [104] At the likely prospect of a veto, Palestinian leaders signalled they might opt instead for a more limited upgrade to "non-member state" status, which requires only the approval of the UN General Assembly.[105]. . See for example Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. Half of its members had been West Bank representatives. 185 calling on U.S. President Barack Obama to veto the motion and threatening a withdrawal of aid to the West Bank if the Palestinians followed through on their plans. Switzerland was also a non-member observer state until 2002. [3] However, in 1915, these problems of interpretation did not occur to Hussein,[citation needed] who agreed to the British wording. [29] The All-Palestine Protectorate is regarded by some as the first attempt to establish an independent Palestinian state, whilst most just saw it as an Egyptian puppet, only to be annulled a few years after its creation by no less than President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt. The Yishuv (the Jewish community and its "state-in-waiting"-type organisations) proved it had the capability to defend itself, persuading the United States and the remainder of the world to support it and the "victory over the Palestinian Arabs gave the Haganah the experience and self-confidence [...] to confront [...] the invading armies of the Arab states."[20]. The British entered into the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement on 16 May 1916 and the commitment of the Balfour Declaration of 1917, for example, on that understanding. The pace of the talks were assessed by the US as "break through". On 2 November 1948, the military rule was replaced by a civilian administration by virtue of the Law Amending Public Administration Law in Palestine. The PLO assumed responsibility as the Provisional Government of Palestine and an independent state was declared. During the 1978 Camp David negotiations between Israel and Egypt Anwar Sadat proposed the creation of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza. On one side, the "Palestinian Arab military power was crushed" and most of the Arab population in the combat zones was fleeing or had been driven out. [77], The borders of the state were not specified. In December 1995, the PLO also assumed responsibility for civil administration in 17 areas in Hebron. [112][113] On 11 November a report was approved by the Security Council which concluded that the Council had been unable "to make a unanimous recommendation" on membership for Palestine. The objective of the Mandate was to apply only to territory west of the Jordan, which was commonly referred to as Palestine by the British administration, and as Eretz Israel by the Hebrew-speaking Jewish population. See "The Palestinian Refugees In Jordan 1948–1957. In 1959, Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser ordered the dismantling of the All-Palestine Protectorate for good. However, in the Churchill White Paper they argued instead that "Damascus" meant the vilayet and not the city of Damascus, and accordingly virtually all of Palestine was excluded from Arab control. The name Palestina was chosen as a reference to the Philistines, traditional enemies of the Jews in what were even then considered ancient times. Declassified diplomatic documents reveal that in 1974, on the eve of the UN debate that granted the PLO an observer status, some parts of the PLO leadership were considering to proclaim the formation of a Palestinian government in exile at some point. [147], For the time being the governments of the renamed Authority established in 1994 and of the State established in 1988 remain distinct. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume V (1950), p. 1096. Jordan extended recognition to the state and ceded its claim to the West Bank to the Palestinian Liberation Organisation, which had been previously designated by the Arab League as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people".[76][79][80][81]. Rifai said he had not realized this and that he was very pleased to learn that the U.S. did in fact recognize the union. [23] U.S. President Harry Truman recognised the State of Israel de facto the following day. [145][146] Two days later, following a negative reaction by Israel,[147] it was announced that the change will not apply to documents used at Israel checkpoints in the West Bank[144] and Israeli crossings,[143] unless there is a further decision by Abbas. At the Rabat summit conference in 1974, Jordan and the other members of the Arab League declared that the Palestinian Liberation Organization was the "sole legitimate representative of the [Arab] Palestinian people", thereby relinquishing to that organization its role as representative of the West Bank. Britain did this by issuing the 1939 white paper which officially allowed a further 75,000 Jews to move over five years (10,000 a year plus an additional 25,000) which was to be followed by Arab majority independence. [51], In late 1949, under the auspices of the UNCCP, their subsidiary Economic Survey Mission for the Middle East, headed by Gordon R. Clapp, recommended four development projects, involving the Wadi Zerqa basin in Jordan, the Wadi Qelt watershed and stream bed in Arab Palestine, the Litani River in Lebanon, and the Ghab valley in Syria. Meanwhile, Abdullah of ... in its place. Wasn’t there a country called Palestine between 1917 and 1947. The U.S. also assumed Jordan would receive the bulk of the West Bank as that was regarded as Jordanian territory. Since Palestine included both modern day Israel and Jordan, both Arab and Jewish residents of this area were referred to as "Palestinians". On 29 September, while commenting on the Lieberman proposal Netanyahu said that "I didn't see [the] speech beforehand, but I don't reject the idea. Henry G. Schermers and Niels M. Blokker, International Institutional Law, Hotei, 1995–2004. Why doesn’t lightning travel in a straight line? 1150 BCE Land of “Peleset” referred to in numerous … The Arab population in the Jewish areas was to be removed, by force if necessary, and vice versa, although this would mean the movement of far more Arabs than Jews. In 2008, U.S.-brokered negotiations were ongoing between Palestinian Chairman Mahmoud Abbas and the outgoing Israeli Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert. [108] On the following day, the Arab League released a draft statement which declared a consensus to "go to the United Nations to request the recognition of the State of Palestine with Al Quds as its capital and to move ahead and request a full membership. Mark Tessler, See paragraph 2.20 of the Written Statement submitted by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. [128], The vote was a historic benchmark for the recognition of the State of Palestine, whilst it was widely considered a diplomatic setback for Israel and the United States. 68-81: "Palestine and Transjordan emerged as states; This was in consequence of British War commitments to its allies during the First World War. Israel's Foreign Minister Eban stressed that it was undesirable to undermine what had already been accomplished by the armistice agreements, and maintained that Israel held no territory wrongfully, since her occupation of the areas had been sanctioned by the armistice agreements, as had the occupation of the territory in Palestine held by the Arab states. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume V, Part 2, pp. [127] On 17 December 2012, UN Chief of Protocol Yeocheol Yoon decided that 'the designation of "State of Palestine" shall be used by the Secretariat in all official United Nations documents'. See Israel and the West Bank, By Thomas S. Kuttner, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1977, Volume 7; Volume 1977, edited by, See Israel and the creation of a Palestinian state: a European perspective, by, See Foreign relations of the United States, 1950. It was officially called “Palestine” in English. [29][92] By mid-December, seventy-five states had recognized Palestine, rising to eighty-nine states by February 1989.[46]:49. Western maps of Palestine were printed in Bibles, probably from the time there were printing presses. The area of land in question, formerly known as Palestine, was initially inhabited by a Jewish minority and an Arab majority. An UNGA resolution was adopted "acknowledging the proclamation of the State of Palestine by the Palestine National Council on 15 November 1988," and it was further decided that "the designation 'Palestine' should be used in place of the designation 'Palestine Liberation Organization' in the United Nations system," and it delegate was assigned a seated in the UN General Assembly immediately after non-member states, and before all other observers. Israel refused. [116] During the board's 187th session in September 2011, a draft resolution was presented by 24 states requesting that the application be considered and Palestine be granted membership in the organisation. East Jerusalem, which had been annexed by Israel in 1980 was not mentioned in any of the agreements.
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